Telangana movement (rise and cause)

Telangana (intro)

Telangana (Telugu = తెలంగాణ) is a region of Andhra Pradesh state in India. It has area of 1,14,840 km2. and it's population is 3,06,96,520[2001 sensus].The name means "land of Telugupeople". It consists of the Telugu speaking people of the erstwhile princely state of Hyderabad. The region lies on the Deccan plateau to the west of the Eastern Ghats range, and includes the northwestern interior districts of Warangal, Adilabad, Khammam, Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda, Rangareddy, Karimnagar, Nizamabad, Medak, andHyderabad.

History:

The Telangana region is believed to have been mentioned in theMahabharata as the Telinga Kingdom[citation needed] which said to be inhabited by the tribe known as Telavana and said to have fought on the Pandava side in the great war of Mahabharata. It is also evident from the fact that there is Pandavula Guhalu in Warangal district (where the Pandavas spent their life in exile (Lakkha Gruham).

In Treta yuga, it is believed that Rama, Sita and Lakshmana, spent their life in exile at Parnashala on the banks of Godavari river which is about 25 km from Bhadrachalam in Khammam District which falls in the Telangana region.

The region experienced its golden age during the reign of the Kakatiyas (hail them), a great Telugu dynasty that ruled most parts of what is now Andhra Pradesh, India from 1083 CE to 1323.Telangana, then came under Muslim rule in 14th century for the first time by Delhi Sultanate followed by Bahmanis, Qutb Shahis and Mughals which proved to be a disaster. Telangana was never under direct British rule, unlike Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions of Andhra Pradesh, which were part of British India's Madras Presidency.It started of right from then!

After Independence:

When India became independent from the British Empire, the Nizam of Hyderabad wanted to retain his independence but the Government of India amalgamated his state by force on September 17, 1948; after executing Operation Polo by the Indian Army. Telugu-speaking peoplewere distributed in about 22 districts; 9 of them in the Telangana region of Nizam's Dominions (Hyderabad State), 12 in the Madras Presidency (Andhra region) and one in French-controlled Yanam.

Merging:

In December 1953, the States Reorganization Commission was appointed to prepare for the creation of states on linguistic lines. The States Reorganization Commission (SRC) was not in favour of an immediate merger of Telangana region with Andhra state, despite the common language between the two. The concerns were since then.

Para 382 of States Reorganization Commission Report (SRC) said "opinion in Andhra is overwhelmingly in favour of the larger unit, public opinion in Telangana has still to crystallize itself. Important leaders of public opinion in Andhra themselves seem to appreciate that the unification of Telangana with Andhra, though desirable, should be based on a voluntary and willing association of the people and that it is primarily for the peopleof Telangana to take a decision about their future". Telanganas had several concerns. The region had a less developed economy than Andhra, but with a larger revenue base (mostly because it taxed rather than prohibited alcoholic beverages), which Telanganas feared might be diverted for use in Andhra.They also feared that planned dam projects on the Krishna and Godavari rivers would not benefit Telangana proportionately even though Telanganas controlled the headwaters of the rivers. Telanganas feared too that the people of Andhra who had access to higher education, would have the advantage in government and educational jobs.(This fear of theirs had become true overwhelmingly for Andhra people but disgustingly for Telangana people)

Nehru against merging:

Chief Minister of Hyderabad State, Burgula Ramakrishna Rao strongly believed majority of Telangana people were against the merger.

Prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru initially ridiculed the idea of merging Telangana with the Andhra State, fearing a “tint of expansionist imperialism” in it. Later, he compared the merger to a matrimonial alliance having “provisions for divorce” if the partners in the alliance cannot get on well.

However, following the "Gentlemen's agreement", the central government, established a unified Andhra Pradesh on November 1, 1956. The agreement provided reassurances to both parties in terms of power sharing as well as administrative domicile rules and distribution of expenses of various regions.(Here started the INVASION OF ANDHRITES OVER TELANGANA)

Separate Telangana state movement:

1969 Movement
After the formation of Andhra Pradesh state, however, Telanganapeople had a number of complaints about how the agreements and guarantees were implemented. Discontent with the 1956 Gentleman's agreement intensified in January 1969 when the guarantees that had been agreed on were supposed to lapse. Student agitation for the continuation of the agreement began at Osmania University inHyderabad and spread to other parts of the region. Government employees and opposition members of the state legislative assembly swiftly threatened "direct action" in support of the students. This movement, also known as Telangana movement, led to widespread violence and deaths of hundreds of people including 360 students.

JAI ANDHRA movement:

In the year 1972, all candidates belonging under the leadership of M Sridhar Reddy contested the assembly elections, however, only Mr Thakkalapalli Purushotham Rao got elected from Wardhannapet constituency of Warangal District and rest were defeated. In 1969, Mr Purushotham Rao unveiled Telangana map in the state assembly.At the end of 1972, Jai Andhra movement started in Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions protesting the protections mentioned in the Gentleman's agreement. Finally, a political settlement was arrived at under the aegis of the Central Government. A Six-Point Formulawas agreed upon by the leaders of the two regions to prevent any recurrence of such agitations in future.

Six-Point Formula:

(1) the abolition of Mulki rules and the Telangana Regional Committee
(2) the establishment of a Central University at Hyderabad to augment educational facilities.
(3) In regards to jobs, state divided into six zones, within the framework of three regions, namely, Coastal Andhra, Rayalaseema, and Telangana (Zone V, and Zone VI) with Hyderabad under Zone VI
(4) Each zone should prefer local candidates for state government jobs. (sorry i couldn't find the other two)

Movement in 1990-2004

The emotions and forces generated by the movement, in 1969, were not strong enough, however, for a continuing drive for a separate state until 1990s when Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), promised a separate Telangana state if they came to power.

The Difference:

Irrigation:
1 Krishna River TELANGANA ANDHRA RAYALASEEMA
a River Flow 69% 13% 18%
b Utilisation of wate 13% 65% 22%
2 Godavari River
a River Flow 79% 21% 0%
b Utilisation of water 9% 91% 0%
3 NAGARJUNA SAGAR PROJECT
a Submerged Land 100% 0% 0%
b Irrigated land in
Lakhs of Acres 5 20 0
4 SRISAILAM PROJECT
a Submerged Land (villages) 117 0 273
b Irrigated land in
Lakhs of Acres 0 0 100%
FUNDS NOT GIVEN
SRISAILAM ( Nalgonda) 1981 2 lakh acres 0 Meant for power but water given to Andhra for 2 lakh acres.
v Pulichintala( Andhra region ) telangana villages will submerge.
7 Injustice to TELANGANA due to merger with Andhra 30 lakh acres of land was not irrigated .
Nagarjuna sagar Right lift irrigation is taken up by GOVT but left lift irrigation project cost is collected from FARMERS which shows govt treatment to Telangana farmers.

Education : The share of Telangana as a percent of the total expenditure of the state on salaries of staff in educational institutionsin 2001 is as follows:

i. Primary schools (government): 31.44%
ii. Primary schools (aided): 9.86%
iii. Degree colleges (government): 37.85%
iv. Degree colleges (aided): 21.79%

Above numbers includes the expenditure in Capital Hyderabad. The facilities available in the capital city are more accessible to the peoplemigrating from Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema regions and more inaccessible to the people of Telangana.

Budget Allocations: Expenditure incurred on this region has never been more than 25% to 30% of total expenditure of Andhra Pradesh. Most years, funds allocated to Telangana were never spent.

Jobs: Only 20% of total Government employees, less than 10% employees in secretariate, less than 5% of head of the departments in Andhra Pradesh are from Telangana. More than the loss of jobs, Telangana people lost the representation in government subsequently lost out in the budget allocations, subsidies and attention to their problems. In 1985, Government published G.O 610 to remove/transfer all the non-locals in government jobs in Telangana region, against the six point formula.

Industries:
TG Andhra Rayalseema
1 NO OF INDUSTRIES 1250 6000 750
2 WORKERS (LAKHS) 0.3 2.56 0.3
3 DAILY WAGE WORKERS (LAKHS) 0.95 3.16 0.7
4 AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES 23% 54% 23%
5 LOANS FROM NATIONALIZED BANKS 30% 54% 16%

6 CLOSURE OF TELANGANA INDUSTRIES:
8' Major industries in Telangana were closed - DBR MILLS,Sirpur sir silk mills ,Deccan glass factory, Soda factory, Iron factory , Firangula factory, Antargam spinning mills ,Deccan button factory. About 60,000 people lost jobs.

7 SUBSIDIES & FACILITIES BY INDUSTRIES:
Pvt Industries utilised Telangana land, water, power at reduced rates ,roads, phones, subsidies from Govt. etc but employment was given to Andhra area people at the cost of Telangana people's resources and sacrifices .

8 NEW INDUSTRIES:
COASTALANDHRA:New industries were set up.
TELANGANA:Not a single industry was set up except in Hyderabad and old industries in telangana districts were closed one by one deliberately where as vizag steel plant with 1500 crore loss was revived with Govt support.

9 VALUE OF TELANGANA LANDS SOLD:
More than 60,000 Croes.Cost of hyd flyovers and roads is less than 30,000 croes.Telangana employees in software companies is less than 10%.

In the END:

WHAT DO WE GAIN BY "TELANGANA"STATE ?
1 Self respect and self rule - Control over our resources.
2 About 20 lakh acres of land will get water within 5 years of Telangana.
3 24 Hours Electricity to villages and towns.
4 More than 2 Lakh students get Govt jobs. Another 2 lakhs in Private companies.
5 Telangana culture and language will get a boost. No insult to language and culture.
6 Education opportunities will improve.
7 Health facilities will improve.
8 Telangana NRI's will get opportunities to invest in Telangana.
9 Resources Exploitation decreases- future generations will get benefit.
Need more???? This will be an endless list!!!!!!

JAI TELANGANA!!! JAI TELANGANA!!!! JAI TELANGANA!!!